Progress in yam breeding is constrained by variable flowering behaviour, making hybridization difficult. Dioscorea species constitute one of the staple carbohydrate foods for people in the tropics 2. Characteristics of nuclear genome sequence in dioscorea rotundata and other angiosperms. Picture of the heating element and the axial fan 2. Wild yam is possibly safe when taken by mouth or applied to the skin. A practical guide to identifying yams the main species of dioscorea in the pacific islands crops. An international team of scientists from the united kingdom, japan, and germany has produced the first highquality genomic sequence for the white guinea yam dioscorea rotundata, a staple tuber. Obtaining good quality planting material for yam cultivation is a major challenge. However, the pathogenicity and the extent of damage caused by p. This name is a synonym of dioscorea cayennensis subsp. The harvested tubers were stored under ambient conditions 10 c to 18 c, 60 % to 80 % relative humidity and cold temperature and packaged conditions 4 c, 60 % to 65 % relative humidity for 45 day. The dioscorea spp examined included dioscorea rotundata white yam, d. The study optimized ipyf samples obtained from three white yams dioscorea rotundata cultivars efuhu, dariboko and aro that were pretreated using blanching and steam method and dried using cabinet and oven driers. The changes in the main nutrient and medicinal components during the storage of the chinese yam dioscorea opposita tubers were studied.
It seems quite odd that many potatolike tuber are known as a yams, even though they are in different genera. Pdf effects of storage conditions and storage period on nutritional. Flowering intensity in white yam dioscorea rotundata. Aug 25, 2012 the changes in the main nutrient and medicinal components during the storage of the chinese yam dioscorea opposita tubers were studied. Eteng 1 1university of calabar, department of biochemistry, calabar, cross river state, nigeria. Dioscorea alata ufifas center for aquatic and invasive plants. In this subregion, white yam dioscorea rotundata is the most dominant and important species.
Behavior of various types of seeds of two species of yams. Dioscorea alata grown in australasia and polynesia for its large root with fine edible white flesh water yam, white yam yam plant, yam any of a. Using 91 aflp markers, three groups of accessions were distinguished. Influence of pregelatinization on the physicochemical and. Yam dioscorea rotundata tubers showing symptoms of soft and dry rots were obtained from four different yam storage facilities in lafia, nassarawa state. Phases of dormancy in yam tubers dioscorea rotundata ncbi. A linear regression model was constructed to predict shoot biomass through bayesian analysis using ndvi as a. Dioscorea dumetorum, d rotundutu, yam flours, diet, rat, nutritional evaluation, nitrogen, digestible carbohydrate, fibre, minerals. Molecular marker based taxonomy and phylogeny of guinea yam dioscorea rotundata d.
The vast majority of the species are tropical, with only a few species extending into temperate climates. Domesticated yam is likely derived from one of these two species 9 or from hybridization between them 7. The dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata species complex is the most. Safety of yamderived dioscorea rotundata foodstuffs. Researchers sequence guinea yam genome genetics sci. Chinese yam dioscorea opposita is an important tuberous crop used for both food and medicine. Moisture ratio was specifically selected because it forms the background on which other drying characteristics including drying rate, effective diffusivity, and activation energy amongst others are based. Abstract the shape of yam tubers is highly variable within and between varieties. Classification for kingdom plantae down to genus dioscorea l. Both genetic and environmental factors, such as soil structure play signific. Dioscorea rotundata and dioscorea alata are the most economical and popularly cultivated species of yam in nigeria due to their high yielding qualities. Dioscorea rotundata african orphan crops consortium.
In this study, we used wholegenome resequencing of 167 wild. General information about dioscorea rotundata diuro west africa. Pdf root distribution patterns of white yam dioscorea rotundata. Transcriptome analysis reveals key pathways and hormone. Stability of tuber shape in dioscorea rotundata variants. A practical guide to identifying yams university of hawaii. These are perennial herbaceous vines cultivated for the consumption of their starchy tubers in africa, asia, latin america, the caribbean and oceania. Oct 12, 2017 starch biosynthesis was certainly a significant target for selection during the domestication of these crops. But domestication of these root and tubers crops is also associated with gigantism of storage organs and changes of habitat. A study was conducted at the experimental farm of the cross river basin development authority, okuiboku, itu in akwa ibom state in 2012 and 20 cropping seasons.
This can lead to differences in quality from processor to processor, and from location to. Though it produces tubers, the bulbils which grow at the base of its leaves are the more important food product. Several species are widely cultivated in many cultivars including dioscorea alata, d. Guinea yam dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata complex is one of the most important root and tuber crops contributing to food security and poverty alleviation in west africa.
Mineral and toxicant levels in yam dioscorea rotundata diets. Studies on the reproductive biology of white yam dioscorea. Dioscorea villosa is claimed to alleviate symptoms of menopause because the molecular structures of the yam are similar to many steroidlike compounds. Quality of performance and grain losses of two type of rice combine harvesters. The main yam species cultivated as a tuber crop in this region. Development of hotair supplemented solar dryer for white yam dioscorea rotundata slices. It has become accepted in west africa, where it now sometimes competes with two important native species, d. Storage rot of some yams dioscorea spp in keffi and. The ability of triadimefon tdm, a triazolic fungicide, to alter the biochemical constituents and thereby minimizing the days required for sprouting in white yam dioscorea rotundata poir. It is assumed that by combining data gathered from both field surveys and. This effect suggests dioscorea villosa is a potentially useful supplement for skin care, but more research is needed before it can be specifically recommended as a cosmetic supplement. Tdm at 20 mgl was given to tubers by dipping the tubers in treatment solution containing 20 mgl tdm on 10, 25 and 40 d. Dioscorea bulbifera, the air potato, is found in both africa and asia. Development of hotair supplemented solar dryer for white.
Changes in main nutrients and medicinal composition of. Phases of dormancy in yam tubers dioscorea rotundata. In general, samples stored at low temperature 4c showed a relatively higher amount of water, with values of 76. We studied here, the molecular basis of domestication in african yam, dioscorea rotundata. Diosgenin is a steroidal saponin, which is extracted from the root of wild yam dioscorea villosa and other species.
About the classification report about the classification download. Thus, although dioscorea was introduced by the thomsonian school in medicine, it became a favorite in the eclectic school, where for decades it has found a cordial reception. The production of yamderived dioscorea rotundata foodstuffs is mainly performed by small and medium scale processors that employ old traditional methods. Effect of feeding the animals with dioscorea rotundata and dioscorea cayanensis treated with vicine the result indicated that between 10 to 20 mgkg body weight, there was no death, but at higher concentration of 30, 40 and 50 mgkg body weight deaths were recorded on the 14 th, 10 th and 6 th days respectively for dioscorea. Pdf whole genome sequencing of guinea yam dioscorea. Complete chloroplast genome sequences of dioscorea. There are also species of wild yam growing in nigeria whose tubers are collected for eating in times of food shortage.
Investigations were conducted on the identification and distribution of yam natural pollinators, flowering pattern and hybridization of white yam dioscorea rotundata poir. They are about the size of potatoes,hence the name air potato, weighing from 0. Click on names to expand them, and on p for plants profiles. Martin, plant geneticist, mayaguez institute of tropical agri culture, agricultural research service, u. Covered with large leaves, it can quickly grow into the tops of tall trees. Yam, any of several plant species of the genus dioscorea, grown for their edible tubers. Genetic diversity analysis of yam cultivars dioscorea rotundata poir. Dioscorea batatas is a perennial growing to 3 m 9ft by 1. Description dioscorea batatas is a twining herbaceous. Nondestructive shoot biomass evaluation using a handheld. Phiblast performs the search but limits alignments to those that match a pattern in the query. Yam clones may be dioecious, monoecious or hermaphrodite with variable sex ratios. Phytochemical screening and nutritional quality of yam. Dioscorea rotundata diurooverview eppo global database.
Click below on a thumbnail map or name for species profiles. Dihydrostilbene phytoalexins from dioscorea rotundata. Dioscorea alata water yam, winged yam, uvi fiji, ufi tau. The aim was to evaluate seven genotypes of guinea white yam dioscorea rotundata poir. Saitou, n and nei, m 1987 the neighborjoining method. So far, a genome sequence assembly for dioscorea rotundata. Pdf ploidy level studies on the dioscorea cayenensis. Fresh and stored samples were analyzed for changes in color, ascorbic acid and organoleptic qualities. To accelerate markerassisted breeding of yam, we performed genome analysis of white guinea yam dioscorea rotundata and assembled a 594mb genome, 76. Jun 14, 2018 this effect suggests dioscorea villosa is a potentially useful supplement for skin care, but more research is needed before it can be specifically recommended as a cosmetic supplement. The total chloroplast genome sizes of dioscorea are 152,609 in d. The species is dioecious individual flowers are either male or female, but only one sex is to be found on any one plant so both male and female plants must be grown if seed is required.
Changes in biochemical constituents and induction of early. Dioscorea alata definition of dioscorea alata by the free. Dioscorea rotundata is the most popular variety of yams grown in nigeria and over 600 species are cultivated all over the world 3. Five5 towns, kana,kofa gwari, laminga, garaku and kokona in keffi local government area, nasarawa state, nigeria were. The white yam dioscorea rotundata poir was characterized, drum dried to different moisture levels, and stored at temperatures of 21. It has been introduced to all parts of the tropics where growing condi tions are suitable, and it has fre quently gone wild and continued to develop new variations. Multiplication ratios are low, and seed tubers are prone to contamination with pests and pathogens in the traditional systems of production. It serves as a staple food thus forming a major source of energy to the diet. Dioscorea root extract benefit and side effects by ray sahelian, m. Nutritional quality of yam dioscorea dumetorum and d. A study was carried out on the storage rot of yams dioscorea spp in keffi and environs, nasarawa state.
The initial moisture content of the yam was determined using the aoac 1980 method, and the value was obtained to be 66. Blench 2006 reconstructs the tentative protonigercongo i. There is not enough reliable information about the safety of taking wild yam if you are pregnant or breast feeding. Materials and methods this study was conducted in 1998.
Starches from three cultivars of dioscorea rotundata namely, giwa, lagos, and sule, were characterized for their physicochemical and material properties. Dansi a, mignouna hd, zoundjihekpon j, sangare a, asiedu r, ahoussou n 2000 using isozyme polymorphism to assess genetic variation within cultivated yams dioscorea cayenensis dioscorea rotundata complex of the republic of benin. Improved propagation methods to raise the productivity of yam. Tuber maturity of white yam dioscorea rotundata alieu sartie and robert asiedu international institute of tropical agriculture iita, co iita limited, carolyn house, 26 dingwall rd, croydon cr9 3ee, uk. However, dioscorea rotundata is the most widely grown and preferred yam species in nigeria. Relationship between wild and cultivated yams agritrop cirad. Dioscorea altissima dunguey dioscorea bulbifera air yam dioscorea cayenensis yellow guinea yam dioscorea composita yam dioscorea convolvulacea yam dioscorea dumetorum bitter yam. General factorial optimization design was utilized using pasting properties response of ipyf samples. Winged yam is known to have disprupted naturalarea plant communities, particularly coastal hammocks in south florida. Physicochemical and material properties of starches from. Evaluation of guinea white yam dioscorea rotundata poir.
Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide. This study was undertaken to establish the nematode species causing tuber damage to dioscorea spp. Dioscorea is a genus of over 600 species of flowering plants in the family dioscoreaceae, native throughout the tropical and warm temperate regions of the world. Molecular marker based taxonomy and phylogeny of guinea yam. Rapid drops in moisture contents were observed for all the samples after harvest. Psiblast allows the user to build a pssm positionspecific scoring matrix using the results of the first blastp run. White or guinea yam dioscorea rotundata, grown for its underground tubers, is an important food in west africa. This paper aims to characterize the planttoplant variability in yield and to identify its underlying causes for the two major yam species dioscorea alata and dioscorea rotundata. Despite a long history of cultivation, the understanding of d. Introduction of the eight yam species grown in the cameroon, the popular white yam dioscorea rotundata and the sweet yam d dumetorum are the most consumed. Drying kinetics of two yam dioscorea alata varieties. The optimization of production of instant pounded yam. The plants database includes the following 30 species of dioscorea. Dioscorea batatas is the taxonomic name generally used in the united states29.
Chemical composition and quality changes occurring in. Wheat threeleaved yam dioscorea dumentorum composite flour blend. Effects of methods of seedbed preparation and mulching on the growth and yield of white yam dioscorea rotundata on an ultisol in southeast nigeria. Dioscorea is a genus of great economic value, including important food plants. To accelerate markerassisted breeding of yam, we performed genome analysis of white guinea yam dioscorea rotundata and assembled a. Effect of three storage methods on the quality and shelflife. Lloyd investigated the dioscorea subject, and found that the variety of the vine yielding the drug originally em. White yam dioscorea rotundata used for this study was purchased from a local market and identified at the landmark university teaching and research farm, omuaran in january 2019. Fertilization is an important management strategy of yams dioscorea spp.
Genome sequencing of the staple food crop white guinea yam. Effect of photoperiod on the development of inflorescences. May 28, 2004 white guinea yam dioscorea rotundata by michaelp may 28, 2004 2. Pdf the productivity of white yam dioscorea rotundata poir must increase to sustainably meet the demand of the. Ploidy level studies on the dioscorea cayenensisdioscorea rotundata complex core set article pdf available in euphytica 1693. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. Winged yam dioscorea alata is another nonnative, invasive vine in florida. It is also synonymous with dioscorea oppositifolia.
Dioscorea rotundata white yam, guinea yam or african yam is the most important species of yam in west africa because of its economic value and uses. During the first month after seed sowing, the organs which closely tied in with the basal axial part of the young seedling plant initiated andor developed. Dioscorea villosa supplement health benefits, dosage. Introduction for many people in the world the word yni or its translation, refers to dioscorea alata l. In this study, anfis was used to simulate the moisture ratio drying characteristics of yam dioscorea rotundata slices in a hot air convective dryer. Deltablast constructs a pssm using the results of a conserved domain database search and searches a sequence database. Yams description yam is the common name for some plant species in the genus dioscorea family dioscoreaceae that form edible tubers. Dioscorea batatas is called chinese yam, cinnamon yam, wild yam, or common yam. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The diseased yam tubers were packaged in polyethylene bags and taken to the postgraduate laboratory of the department of plant biology, bayero university, kano. Drying characteristics of yam slices dioscorea rotundata.
Growth and nutrient use efficiencies of yams dioscorea. Dioscorea alata synonyms, dioscorea alata pronunciation, dioscorea alata translation, english dictionary definition of dioscorea alata. It is closely related to air potato dioscorea bulbifera. Mineral and toxicant levels in yam dioscorea rotundata diets olajumoke o. It is a large vine, 6 meters 20 ft or more in length. Architectural analysis of root system of sexually vs. Four different molecular techniques were used to assess relationships among 21 accessions of guinea yam dioscorea rotundata and dioscorea cayenensis and 21 accessions. Dioscorea villosa supplement health benefits, dosage, side. Ramser j, weising k, terauchi r, kahl g, lopezperalta c, terhalle w. Developmental morphology of seedlings of dioscorea cayenensis. The aim of this study was to identify and define the phases of dormancy in dioscorea rotundata tubers, and to produce a framework within. Pdf architectural analysis of root system of sexually vs. Progress in yam breeding is constrained by variable flowering behaviour, making.
Influence of pregelatinization on the physicochemical and compressional characteristics of starches obtained from two local varieties of dioscorea rotundata bakre lateef gbenga1, ogun olakunle2 and alayo muinat adedayo3 1, 2, 3 department of pharmaceutics and pharmaceutical technology, olabisi onabanjo university, sagamu, nigeria. Dioscorea bulbifera is a highly invasive plant and presents a management problem in many parts of the world. A field study evaluated the leaf numbers, leaf area indices, crop growth, yields, and nitrogen n and potassium k use efficiencies of d. However, the lack of genetic and genomic tools has impeded the improvement of this staple crop. Under natural day length the male varieties flowered earlier than the female. Improved propagation methods to raise the productivity of. The most widely grown root and tuber crops in africa are cassava and yam.
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